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History
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Tallahassee is the capital of the State of Florida, USA, and the county seat of Leon County. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida in 1824. In 2006, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau was 159,012, while the Tallahassee metropolitan area is estimated at 336,501 (2006).
Tallahassee is the home of Florida State University, a major research university with strengths in both arts and sciences. The city also includes the higher-education institutions of Florida A&M University, a well-known historically-black university, Tallahassee Community College and branches of Barry University, Embry Riddle, and Flagler College. The Florida State University College of Engineering is a joint project of Florida State University and Florida A&M University. Two technical schools are located in Tallahassee: Lively Technical Center and Keiser College - Tallahassee.
Tallahassee is a regional center for trade and agriculture, and is served by Tallahassee Regional Airport. With one of the fastest growing manufacturing and high tech economies in Florida, its major private employers include a General Dynamics Land Systems manufacturing facility (military and combat applications), the headquarters of Talla-Tech (a communications manufacturing firm owned by Tadiran Communications, Ltd., in Israel) and the manufacturing headquarters for Danfoss Turbocor (a manufacturer of oil-free high efficiency compressors). It is also home for the Figg Engineering Group, a bridge engineering firm founded by Eugene Figg. The Municipal Code Corporation develops and publishes ordinances for cities and counties all across the United States. Homes and Land LLC, one of the nation's largest publishers of real estate listings and guides, is a privately held business based in Tallahassee. The Rose Printing Company is a book printer. As the capital of the fourth-largest state in the US, Tallahassee is home to as a number of national law firms, lobbying organizations, trade associations and professional associations, including the Florida Bar, the Florida Chamber of Commerce, Associated Industries of Florida and Florida Tax Watch.
The name "Tallahassee" is a Muskogean Indian word often translated as "abandoned fields," "old fields" or "old town." This likely stems from the Creek (later called Seminole) Indians who migrated from Georgia and Alabama to this region in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Upon arrival, they found large areas of cleared land previously occupied by the Apalachee tribe. Earlier, the Mississipian Indians built mounds near Lake Jackson around 1200 A.D., which survive today in the Lake Jackson Archaeological State Park.
The expedition of Panfilo de Narvaez encountered the Apalachees, although it did not reach the site of Tallahassee. Hernando de Soto and his expedition occupied the Apalachee town of Anhaica in the winter of 1538-1539. Based on archaeological excavations, this site is now known to be located about one-half mile east of the present Florida capitol building. The DeSoto encampment is believed to be the first place Christmas was celebrated in North America.
During the 1600s, several Spanish missions were established in the territory of the Apalachee to procure food and labor for the colony at St. Augustine. The largest of these, Mission San Luis de Apalachee, has been partially reconstructed by the state of Florida.
From 1821 through 1845, the rough-hewn frontier capital gradually grew into a town during Florida's territorial period. In 1845, a Greek revival masonry structure was erected as the Capitol building in time for statehood. Now known as the "old Capitol," it stands in front of the Capitol high rise building, which was constructed in the 1970s.
During the American Civil War, Tallahassee was the only Confederate state capital east of the Mississippi not captured by Union forces. A small engagement, the Battle of Natural Bridge, was fought south of the city on March 6, 1865.
Following the Civil War, much of Florida's industry moved to the south and east, a trend that continues today. The end of slavery hindered the cotton and tobacco trade, and the state's major industries shifted to citrus, lumber, naval stores, cattle ranching and tourism. The post-Civil War period was also when many former plantations in the Tallahassee area were purchased by wealthy northerners for use as winter hunting preserves.
Until World War II, Tallahassee remained a small southern town, with virtually the entire population living within a mile of the Capitol. The main economic drivers were the universities and state government, where politicians met to discuss spending money on grand public improvement projects to accommodate growth in places such as Miami and Tampa Bay, hundreds of miles away from the capital. By the 1960s, there was a movement to transfer the capital to Orlando, closer geographically to the growing population centers of the state. That motion was defeated, however, and the 1970s saw a long-term commitment by the state to the capital city with construction of the new capitol complex and preservation of the old capitol building.
In recent years, Tallahassee has seen an increase in growth, mainly in government and research services associated with the state, Florida State University, and Florida A&M University.
source: wikipedia.com |